Oil producers Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman are investing heavily in "green" hydrogen in a search for alternative revenues to crude and gas.
Green hydrogen is the hydrogen created when renewable energy electrolyses water. Most hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, but green hydrogen is extracted from water using renewable energy such as wind, solar and hydropower.
It is low-polluting and has widespread potential applications, including use in high-polluting industries such as transport, shipping and steel.
But the fuel, which currently makes up less than one per cent of total hydrogen production, is not yet commercially viable and needs a major scaling-up of renewable energy sources — a process that could take years.
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